Vertical stretch and translation - order matters

See why an outside multiplier can also multiply a previous translation.

  • A vertical stretch multiplies every current -coordinate.
  • If you have already translated vertically, the translation is multiplied too. Use brackets around the whole current output.

Example 1

Stretch, then translate

Stretch vertically by scale factor 3, then translate 2 up.

−5−4−3−2−112345−14−12−10−8−6−4−22468101214xyA(−2, 0)B(0, −4)C(2, 0)A′(−2, 2)B′(0, −10)C′(2, 2)Original y=f(x)Final image
  1. 1.Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor .

  2. 2.Translate by .

The result is . The vertex finishes at (0, −10).

Example 2

Translate, then stretch

Translate 2 up, then stretch vertically by scale factor 3.

−5−4−3−2−112345−14−12−10−8−6−4−22468101214xyA(−2, 0)B(0, −4)C(2, 0)A′(−2, 6)B′(0, −6)C′(2, 6)Original y=f(x)Final image
  1. 1.Translate by .

  2. 2.Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor .

The result is . The vertex finishes at (0, −6).

Remember
An operation on the output applies to every term in that output.

Your turn

5 practice questions
Question 1

Starting with , Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor . Then translate by . Write the resulting function and the image of . Repeat with the order reversed.

Check answer
Given order: , .Reversed order: , .

Apply every new operation to the whole current graph. A stretch or reflection also changes any translation already made in that direction.

Question 2

Starting with , Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor . Then translate by . Write the resulting function and the image of . Repeat with the order reversed.

Check answer
Given order: , .Reversed order: , .

Apply every new operation to the whole current graph. A stretch or reflection also changes any translation already made in that direction.

Question 3

Starting with , Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor . Then translate by . Write the resulting function and the image of . Repeat with the order reversed.

Check answer
Given order: , .Reversed order: , .

Apply every new operation to the whole current graph. A stretch or reflection also changes any translation already made in that direction.

Question 4

Starting with , Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor . Then translate by . Write the resulting function and the image of . Repeat with the order reversed.

Check answer
Given order: , .Reversed order: , .

Apply every new operation to the whole current graph. A stretch or reflection also changes any translation already made in that direction.

Question 5

Starting with , Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor . Then translate by . Write the resulting function and the image of . Repeat with the order reversed.

Check answer
Given order: , .Reversed order: , .

Apply every new operation to the whole current graph. A stretch or reflection also changes any translation already made in that direction.