Horizontal stretch and translation - order matters

Compare a stretch followed by a translation with the reverse order.

  • Follow the ordered words literally. A later horizontal stretch also stretches any horizontal translation already made.
  • The cubic has -intercepts at −4, 0 and 6. Watch how the two orders move all three intercepts.

Example 1

Stretch, then translate

Stretch horizontally by scale factor 2, then translate 2 left.

−16−14−12−10−8−6−4−2246810121416−7−6−5−4−3−2−11234567xyA(−4, 0)B(0, 0)C(6, 0)A′(−10, 0)B′(−2, 0)C′(10, 0)Original y=f(x)Final image
  1. 1.Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor .

  2. 2.Translate by .

The -intercepts become −10, −2 and 10. The result is .

Example 2

Translate, then stretch

Translate 2 left, then stretch horizontally by scale factor 2.

−16−14−12−10−8−6−4−2246810121416−7−6−5−4−3−2−11234567xyA(−4, 0)B(0, 0)C(6, 0)A′(−12, 0)B′(−4, 0)C′(8, 0)Original y=f(x)Final image
  1. 1.Translate by .

  2. 2.Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor .

The -intercepts become −12, −4 and 8. The result is . The earlier 2-left move is doubled.

Remember
Stretch then translate: . Translate then stretch: . These are different functions.

Your turn

5 practice questions
Question 1

Starting with , Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor . Then translate by . Write the resulting function and the image of . Repeat with the order reversed.

Check answer
Given order: , .Reversed order: , .

Apply every new operation to the whole current graph. A stretch or reflection also changes any translation already made in that direction.

Question 2

Starting with , Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor . Then translate by . Write the resulting function and the image of . Repeat with the order reversed.

Check answer
Given order: , .Reversed order: , .

Apply every new operation to the whole current graph. A stretch or reflection also changes any translation already made in that direction.

Question 3

Starting with , Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor . Then translate by . Write the resulting function and the image of . Repeat with the order reversed.

Check answer
Given order: , .Reversed order: , .

Apply every new operation to the whole current graph. A stretch or reflection also changes any translation already made in that direction.

Question 4

Starting with , Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor . Then translate by . Write the resulting function and the image of . Repeat with the order reversed.

Check answer
Given order: , .Reversed order: , .

Apply every new operation to the whole current graph. A stretch or reflection also changes any translation already made in that direction.

Question 5

Starting with , Stretch parallel to the -axis by scale factor . Then translate by . Write the resulting function and the image of . Repeat with the order reversed.

Check answer
Given order: , .Reversed order: , .

Apply every new operation to the whole current graph. A stretch or reflection also changes any translation already made in that direction.